Tanzania Travel Guide - Horizon Guides

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Tanzania is your quintessential African destination. From vast savannahs playing host to hordes of wildebeest migrating, the majesty of the Serengeti and the snow-capped peaks of Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania offers adventures for everybody.

Home to the famed wildebeest migration for most of the year plus a healthy population of chimpanzees, this is a true safari heavyweight. But there's much more to Tanzania than the wildlife.

The country has some of the best mountain trekking in Africa, more than 500 miles of sublime coastline and a rich history as a spice route. And over all this profound beauty, the legendary Maasai people still stand proud.

Hidden gems in Tanzania

Mt. Kilimanjaro

Kilimanjaro Rongai Route

Philemon Joel

Experience

Most travellers hear a lot about Machame and Marangu, yet very little about Rongai. It is a quieter, more scenic ascent on the northern side of Kilimanjaro near the Kenya border, and for many people it offers a better overall experience. The route has fewer crowds, a more peaceful atmosphere, chances to see wildlife at lower elevations, and a gradual approach that avoids the busy southern slopes. Accommodation is always in tents, which adds to the sense of being out on a true mountain trek. Kilimanjaro can be climbed year-round, and Rongai is no exception. The strongest seasons are January to mid March and June to October when conditions are generally dry. The northern side sits in the mountain’s rain shadow, so even in the wetter months it receives less rainfall than Machame and Marangu. Rainfall tends to come in heavy but short storms rather than day-long downpours and usually does not prevent a climb. Rongai is often described as an “easier” route, but don't let that fool you. The path is steep and rugged in parts and demands steady pacing. We enforce a slow rhythm, pole pole, to manage both the gradient and the altitude gain. The long summit push from Kibo can be challenging in cold, windy conditions, and the dry, dusty air on the northern flanks can catch people out. The most common difficulties are exhaustion, altitude symptoms like nausea or headaches, and discomfort in the colder sections of the climb. I always recommend the 7 day itinerary. The extra day at Mawenzi Tarn Hut, around 4,330 metres, gives climbers time to climb high and sleep low and dramatically improves the chances of reaching Uhuru Peak at 5,895 metres. There are two variations on the route. One runs from Second Cave to Third Cave; the other, more common variation runs from Second Cave to Kikelelwa Camp and then up to Mawenzi Tarn. Both offer strong acclimatisation and panoramic views across the mountain. Rongai suits anyone who comes prepared for a proper mountain expedition. It requires physical endurance, mental and psychological readiness, and an adventurous mindset. For travellers who prefer more comfort or who are not confident about camping or cold summit nights, Marangu can be a better fit since it provides hut accommodation. The northern side receives a fraction of the traffic seen on Machame or Marangu. On most days you see only a handful of groups and often walk for long stretches without encountering anyone. The solitude continues on the summit push from Kibo, where the calm atmosphere is very different from the busier southern routes. There are no special trade offs to plan for. As long as climbers follow their guide’s instructions, the experience is straightforward. Rongai in the rainy season Even during the rains, Rongai remains much drier than the southern routes. Showers tend to come as short, heavy bursts rather than continuous all day rain. This pattern affects the whole mountain, but the northern side is noticeably less affected, which is one reason many climbers choose it outside the main dry months. One tip every first timer should follow Listen to your guide and follow every instruction. It sounds simple, yet it is the most reliable factor in a successful summit. Seasoned guides know when to slow the pace, when to hydrate, when to adjust layers, and how to manage altitude changes. Attentive climbers almost always reach the top.

Mt. Kilimanjaro

Kilimanjaro Marangu Route

Philemon Joel

Experience

The Marangu Route is the cheapest and most popular route up Kilimanjaro, and is widely seen as the easiest, despite the fact it has the highest failure rate. Many travellers know it as the Coca-Cola route, and that fun sounding nickname is the start of the problem. It throws people off balance. They arrive thinking it will be a walk in the park – it’s the shortest and most straightforward route, you sleep in warm huts rather than camping out in the cold, refreshing cokes (hence the name) on demand each night… But this complacency is a big mistake. Ironically, it’s the Marangu route’s short duration and reputation for being “easy” that sets people back and far too often I see people arriving unprepared both physically and mentally. The classic five day itinerary doesn’t give you long enough to acclimatise, but the six day itinerary is more realistic. In August 2025 I guided a group of eighteen. Four climbers failed to make the summit because they did not follow the instructions. The main undoing was ignoring the cardinal rule of pole, pole – slowly, slowly in Swahili. Once a climber drops that pace, failure starts looking down on them. The toughest section is the final climb from the base camp at Kibo Hut to Uhuru Peak. That is where climbers face high altitude sickness, very cold conditions and deep exhaustion. This is no joke – only about 60% of trekkers on this route make it to the top. Imagine coming all this way and not reaching the summit! Please don’t repeat their mistakes! But I don’t want to put you off. The Marangu route does have some big plus sides. It has a great history: Hans Meyer used this same route on 6 October 1889 when he became the first European to reach the summit, guided by Yohani Kinyala Lauwo. There are also the modern facilities. We sleep in huts with dormitory beds instead of tents, which no other route has. On the lower part you pass through the cultivation zone where the Chagga grow bananas, corn, coffee and fruits using an intercropping system. That mix of history, comfort and local life gives the route its character. I’ll accept that it’s the busiest and most “touristy” route, so it’s important to make reservations in advance to secure the hut accommodation. You’ll be sharing the trail with lots of other hikers. Some people are looking for this social vibe, but if you want something more solitary I’d recommend one of the other routes. The main reason you’d choose this route is if you’re short on time – in which case treat acclimatisation very seriously – or if you absolutely refuse to camp in tents. In this case it’s a great option, provided it’s taken seriously.

Mt. Kilimanjaro

Kilimanjaro Northern Circuit Route

Philemon Joel

Experience

I guide climbers on all the Kilimanjaro routes, but the Northern Circuit is the one I wish more people understood. It starts on the western side, either from Lemosho Gate or Londorossi Gate. If we go from Lemosho, the first night is in the forest at Big Tree Camp. If we use Londorossi, we sleep at Moram Camp in the heath and moorland. From the start you feel it is a different kind of experience to the more popular routes. The big thing with this route is its relaxed pace. We get at least nine days and that gives the body a more natural pace of acclimatisation. Each evening we walk a bit higher, then drop back to camp to sleep lower. Climbing high and sleeping lower helps avoid altitude sickness. Once you get into the rhythm you see why the success rate is much better than the other Kili routes. Most people struggle from day one to three. They have not adapted yet and everything feels stressful. By day four you see the change. Bodies settle, stress comes down and you start to feel ready for the summit. From Moir Hut View Point you get a proper moment. When the weather is kind you'll see Mount Meru, Mount Longido, Ol Doinyo Le Ngai and the sunset. On the way to Buffalo Camp you can look across to Amboseli National Park in Kenya. At night you sometimes see the Nairobi skyline. The northern side is quiet and exposed, so you need to be careful with your pace. The biggest issue I see is false confidence. When people feel good they think the hard part is over. They start breaking the basic rules and push the pace. The trouble always shows after base camp, around 5,400 metres. That stretch from Hans Meyer Cave up to Gilman’s Point is where it happens. In August 2024 we had a group of twelve. One climber suddenly surged ahead for less than a minute. He became weak and started sweating a lot. We had to step him aside, give first aid and take him down to a lower altitude. He recovered well but it shows why discipline matters. At that height the air is thin and you can get headache, nausea, stomach upset, cerebral oedema, pulmonary oedema and general weakness. If it comes, the only solution is to descend. Season also matters on this route. The best months are December to mid-March and late June to October. It is clear and dry then. April and May are the hard months with heavy rains and cold conditions. From January to mid-March and from June to October you get clear skies but very cold nights. From June to September the trails stay dry but the winds around Buffalo Camp can be strong. From December to mid-March the nights are warmer but there can be cloud. This route suits people with fine health, good fitness, an adventurous mind and enough vacation time. Middle-class travellers who want to take it slow usually do well. The ones who struggle are budget climbers, anyone in poor health and elderly climbers above 65. It is a long and remote route and you need the time, the energy and the right expectations.

Serengeti National Park

Tanzania safari in green season

Khuzeima Zavery

Experience

The general consensus on the best times for a safari in Tanzania (or anywhere in Africa for that matter) is to avoid the rainy seasons at all costs. According to received wisdom, the rainy season means wildlife is more dispersed as they don’t have to congregate around scarce waterholes. The foliage is thick and lush which, although beautiful, makes spotting wildlife even harder. And heavy rains may make more remote roads impassable, and lots of camps shut down during the “long rains” of mid-March to early June. In Tanzania, timings are further complicated by the movement of the wildebeest migration, especially the heavily-marketed river crossing period which creates even more pressure to be on safari during the peak months of July to September. Personally, I think this is a big shame. It creates unsustainable pressure on a handful of key locations during a few short months, and it does a great disservice to the rest of the country – and the rest of the year. For visitors on a limited schedule, or perhaps those who’ve already had the ‘classic’ safari experience before, I often suggest coming during the rainy, or ‘green’ season. Contrary to the general consensus, I think this is a lovely time to be in Tanzania. This is when nature bursts back into life, fresh grass carpets the plains, rivers are ripe and waterholes are full, and wildlife thrives in the renewed ecosystem. Yes you’ll expect rain, but it doesn’t rain all day, every day. Showers are usually short-lived, and the sun often comes out shortly after. In my experience, the warnings about missing wildlife sightings during this period are exaggerated – it’s just as exciting as other seasons, if not more. This is when the southern Serengeti and Ndutu areas become nurseries for thousands of newborn wildebeest, zebra, and other herbivores. The entire wildebeest migration is set out on the Central and Southern plains, as far as your eyes can see. And with so many young and vulnerable animals, the big cats and cheetahs are all highly active. But for me, the biggest advantage of a green season safari is the solitude. Unlike the peak season, where a single kill can attract crowds of vehicles, the green season offers a more personal and exclusive experience. It is not uncommon to be the only vehicle watching a lioness teach her cubs to hunt, with no other vehicles in sight. If you’ve ever dreamed of having the Serengeti (almost) to yourself, this is the season to go. Plus, coming in an "off" season helps tackle unsustainable overcrowding such as around the river crossings during peak season. And finally, visiting in the green season offers one other big perk: value for money! Prices for lodges and camps drop by up to 50%, which means you can either get more luxury for your budget or enjoy a longer stay than you’d otherwise afford. The only thing I’d note is that although I usually recommend tented camps for a more authentic experience, during this rainy period, a permanent lodge would be more comfortable.

Saadani National Park

Best for an unusual coastal safari

Philip Briggs

Place

Another of Tanzania’s hidden gems, Saadani lies on the beautiful stretch of Indian Ocean coastline that divides the port cities of Dar es Salaam and Tanga. The palm-lined beaches here form the last remaining turtle nesting site on the country’s north coast. This is also the only East African coastal reserve where you’ll see lions, leopards, elephants, buffalo and giraffes. Wildlife densities at Saadani are admittedly rather low, so it isn't the place for first-time visitors wanting to tick all the boxes in one short safari. But the wilderness feel, the beautiful beachfront location and a wide range of activities – including boat trips on the Wami River, birdwatching in the salt flats, guided bush walks, and of course game drives – make it a great option for adventurous travelers who want to get truly off the beaten path.

Arusha National Park

Underrated Arusha

Philip Briggs

Place

It always surprises me how few visitors to northern Tanzania make the effort to visit the underrated Arusha National Park. This, as its name suggests, is the closest park to the safari gateway town of Arusha (the drive takes around 45 minutes) and it packs a huge amount of diversity into a relatively small area. Set in the shadow of Mount Meru, the park incorporates rainforests alive with colobus monkeys, tracts of savannah grazed by giraffes and zebras, spectacular calderas and waterfalls, and much more besides. While here you’ll want to take a canoe trip on the gorgeous Momella Lakes where you’ll see plenty of hippos, buffalo and flamingos.

Rubondo Island National Park

Best for a quirky Serengeti add-on

Heather Richardson

Place

One of Africa's quirkiest and most underrated protected areas, Rubondo comprises a lushly forested 240 sq km island set in the Tanzanian waters of Lake Victoria (the world’s second largest lake). The park was established in the 1960s as a proposed breeding centre for introduced Congolese rainforest animals. This experiment never really came together, but Rubondo does still support some introduced wildlife, including elephant and giraffe, alongside naturally occurring species such the swamp-loving sitatunga antelope. The island is also home to around 70 chimps descended from eight males and nine females released there in the late 1960s. After being left to their own devices for decades, Rubondo’s chimps have now been habituated for tourist visits. Home to just one small luxury beach lodge, Rubondo Island makes for an exclusive and very tranquil add-on to a safari in the ever-popular Serengeti National Park. Rubondo’s chimps are descended from individuals that were born wild in West Africa, then captured as youngsters and held in zoos or circuses. It is thus the easiest place to see the western chimpanzee, a critically endangered subspecies that is far rarer than its eastern counterpart. Although Rubondo’s chimps are almost certain to be seen by determined visitors, locating them might involve a long walk, and they are shyer than in most other trekking destinations. It is not easy for independent or budget-conscious travellers to arrange chimp trekking here.

Mahale Mountains National Park

For chimp trekking

Heather Richardson

Place

Mahale is a remote and mountainous park set on the sandy banks of Lake Tanganyika in the far west of Tanzania. It is best known for its habituated chimpanzees, which can be tracked on foot on guided forest walks. Other primates include red colobus and vervet monkeys. The driest months (August to October) are the best time to trek through the forest. Chimp trekking and other guided walks can be organised from a scattering of lakeshore camps and lodges. These include one ‘barefoot luxury’ option, Greystoke Mahale, as well as a government-run cluster of affordable self-catering huts.

Mkomazi National Park

Best for genuine wilderness

Heather Richardson

Place

Common wisdom when comparing Tanzania’s two main safari "circuits" is that the north attracts the crowds while the south is quieter and more remote. This is an overly simplistic equation, as anyone who has visited Mkomazi National Park, in northeastern Tanzania, will testify. Scenic Mkomazi is an ideal choice for those who value a genuine wilderness experience over non-stop wildlife viewing. On my most recent visit, I had good sightings of lion, buffalo, giraffe, zebra and a wide variety of antelope, but encountered precisely one other tourist vehicle. There is also a special rhino sanctuary here which gives you the best chance of seeing the critically endangered black rhino anywhere in Tanzania. Mkomazi is also an unusually affordable safari destination, thanks to a complex of well-priced government-run cottages at the main entrance.

Katavi National Park

Best for crowd-free safaris

Heather Richardson

Place

Katavi is one of Tanzania’s largest national parks but it attracts a fraction of the visitors, and feels very distant from, the likes of the Serengeti, Ngorongoro or Nyerere. And with just a handful of small camps scattered around the park, there are few other vehicles with which to contend. Indeed, it is estimated that Katavi attracts fewer visitors in an entire year than the Serengeti might get on any given day. In the dry season, Katavi offers great wildlife spotting opportunities. Buffalo herds here often comprise more than 1,000 individuals, and mind-boggling numbers of hippo can be seen concentrated in a few small pools towards the end of the dry season. Other wildlife includes elephants, lions and large herds of plains game (topi, giraffe, zebra and impala).

Ruaha National Park

Best for a wild & remote safari

Heather Richardson

Place

Wild and remote Ruaha, Tanzania's second-largest national park, is home to scattered baobabs, grasslands and rolling hills. Along with Nyerere, it is the main stop on Tanzania's southern circuit, which draws relatively few tourists compared to the country's northern hotspots. Arguably better for wildlife spotting than Nyerere (and more affordable too), Ruaha supports one the world’s largest lion populations, along with massive herds of elephants and various grazers. There are cheetahs, leopards and African wild dogs too. When it comes to accommodation, Ruaha offers a mixture of luxury lodges and basic fly-camping operations for walking safaris – the park's speciality. For self-drivers, there are simple but affordable self-catering huts at the park headquarters,

Nyerere National Park

Best for African wild dogs & canoe safaris

Heather Richardson

Place

Tanzania’s largest national park, Nyerere (formerly Selous Game Reserve) extends across almost 12,000 square miles – making it bigger than Belgium. Its most notable geographic feature is the Rufiji River, which flows throughout the year and is a major wildlife magnet in the dry season. Despite this, the drier climate means that animal densities away from the river are far lower than they are in the Serengeti, and the thick bush can make wildlife spotting more challenging. Nyerere supports large numbers of lion, elephant, giraffe, hippo and buffalo. It is also a key area for the endangered African wild dog, which is more frequently seen here than anywhere else in Tanzania. In recent years, commercial poaching has led to a massive decline in the park’s elephant population, but this still stands at more than 15,000 individuals. Nyerere feels more remote than most of the northern parks, but because its camps are concentrated in one small area north of the Rufiji (which is also visited by plenty of day safaris from Zanzibar), it can feel busier than might be expected. What really sets the park apart is the range of activities on offer. Boat safaris on the Rufiji and an associated network of lakes are a real highlight. Other special activities include walking safaris and fly-camping.